chinalie: Faust (opera)

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Operas by Charles Gounod

Sapho (1851, rev. 1884)La nonne sanglante (1854)Le mecin malgr lui (1858)Faust (1859, revised 1869)Philon et Baucis (1860, revised 1876)La colombe (1860, revised 1866)La reine de Saba (1862)Mireille (1864)Rom et Juliette (1867)Cinq-Mars (1877)Ma?tre Pierre (incomplete, 1877-8)Polyeucte (1878)Le tribut de Zamora (1881)

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Faust is an opera in five acts by Charles Gounod to a French libretto by Jules Barbier and Michel Carr from Carr's play Faust et Marguerite, in turn loosely based on Goethe's Faust, Part 1. It debuted at the Thtre Lyrique (Thtre-Historique, Opa-National, Boulevard du Temple) in Paris on March 19, 1859.

Contents

1 Background

2 Roles

3 Synopsis

3.1 Act 1

3.2 Act 2

3.3 Act 3

3.4 Act 4

3.5 Act 5

4 Popular culture

5 Recordings

6 References

7 External links

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Background

Faust was declined at the National Opera House, on the grounds that it was not sufficiently "showy", and its appearance at the Thtre-Lyrique had been delayed for a year because Dennery's drama Faust was currently playing at the Porte St. Martin. The manager Leon Carvalho (who cast his wife Marie Caroline, n Felix-Miolan, as Marguerite) insisted on various changes during production, including cutting several numbers.

Faust was not initially well-received. The publisher Antoine Choudens, who purchased the copyright for 10,000 francs, took the work (with added recitatives replacing the original spoken dialogue) on tour through Germany, Belgium, Italy and England, with Marie Caroline Carvalho repeating her role.

It was revived in Paris in 1862, now a hit. A ballet had to be inserted before the work would be played at the Thtre Impial de l'Opa in 1869: it became the most frequently performed opera at that house and a staple of the international repertory, which it remained for decades, after being translated into at least 25 languages.

Its popularity and critical reputation have declined somewhat since around 1950. A full production, with its large chorus and elaborate sets and costumes, is an expensive undertaking today, particularly if the Act V ballet is included. However, it appears as number eighteen on Opera America's list of the 20 most-performed operas in North America.[1]

It was Faust with which the Metropolitan Opera in New York City opened for the first time on October 22, 1883. It is the 8th most frequently performed opera there, with over 730 performances up until 2008. It was not until the period between 1965 and 1977 that the full version was performed (and then with some minor cuts), and all performances in that production included the Walpurgisnacht and the ballet[2].

Roles

Role

Voice type

Premiere cast, March 19, 1859(Conductor: Adolphe Deloffre)

Doctor Faust

tenor

Joseph-Thdore-Dir Barbot

Mhistoph

bass

ile Balanqu

Marguerite

soprano

Marie Caroline Miolan-Carvalho

Valentin, a soldier, Marguerite's brother

baritone

Reynald

Wagner, friend of Faust

baritone

M. Cibot

Siebel, Faust's student

mezzo-soprano or soprano(pants role)

Faivre

Marthe Schwerlein, Marguerite's guardian

mezzo-soprano or contralto

Duclos

Young girls, labourers, students, soldiers, burghers, matrons, invisible demons, church choir, witches, queens and courtesans of antiquity, celestial voices

Synopsis

Place: Germany

Time: 16th century

Act 1

Faust's 'cabinet'

Faust: "O merveille! ... A moi les plaisirs"

Mhistoph (Marcel Journet) gives Faust (Enrico Caruso) a glimpse of Marguerite, and he signs the contract with the Devil, and heads out with him to experience the world, in this 1910 recording of the Act I finale.

Problems listening to this file? See media help.

Faust, an aging scholar, determines that his studies have come to nothing and have only caused him to miss out on life and love (Rien! En vain j'interroge). He attempts to kill himself (twice) with poison but stops each time when he hears a choir. He curses science and faith, and asks for infernal guidance. Mhistoph appears (duet: Me voici) and, with a tempting image of Marguerite at her spinning wheel, persuades Faust to buy Mhistoph's services on earth in exchange for Faust's in Hell. With Faust transformed into a handsome young gentleman, the strange companions set out into the world.

Act 2

At the city gates

A chorus of students, soldiers and villagers sing a drinking song (Vin ou Bie). Valentin, leaving for war with his friend Wagner, entrusts the care of his sister Marguerite to his youthful friend Siel (O Sainte Medaille). Mhistoph appears, provides the crowd with wine, and sings a rousing, irreverent song about the Golden Calf (Le veau d'or). Mhistoph maligns...(and so on)