chinalie: Glow stick

I had find many products about underwater lights led from some websites such as

	No One Lives Forever-The Operative.. Model Number: 12798 Brand Name: Fox Interactive Compound Mode: Stand Alone Minimum..
	T8 three anti fluorescent lighting.. Place of Origin: China Zhejiang Brand Name: Jingyu Model Number: J5158A T8: 1x58W..

And you can see more from
Solar Spot Lights
stainless outdoor lights
Bulb Red LED
decorative mini lights
meyda ceiling fixture
lawn and emergency
mr.p led lights
LED Icicle Lights
LED Dynamo Flashlight

(Redirected from Glow sticks)

How a glowstick works.1. Plastic casing covers the inner fluid. which can glow (kn)2. Glass vial covers the solution.3. Phenyl Oxalate and fluorescent dye solution.4. Hydrogen Peroxide solution.5. After the glass vial is broken and the solutions mix, the glowstick glows.

A glow stick is a single-use translucent plastic tube containing isolated substances which when combined are capable of producing light through a chemical reaction-induced chemoluminescence which does not require an electrical power source.

Contents

1 History

2 Uses

2.1 Practical applications

2.2 Entertainment

3 Dangers

4 Chemistry

4.1 Fluorophores used

5 References

6 External links

//

History

Cyalume was invented by Michael M. Rauhut,[1] David Iba Sr, Robert W. Sombathy and Laszlo J. Bollyky of American Cyanamid, based on work by Edwin A. Chandross of Bell Labs[2][3] in conjunction with Richard D. Sokolowski of Eh.M Labs[4]. Other early work on chemoluminescence was carried out at the same time, by researchers under Herbert Richter at China Lake Naval Weapons Center.[5][6]

There are several US patents for "glow stick" type devices by various inventors. The majority of these are assigned to the US Navy. The earliest patent lists Clarence W. Gilliam and Thomas N. Hall as inventors of the Chemical Lighting Device in October, 1973 (Patent 3,764,796). In June, 1974 the first Chemiluminescent Device patent was issued with Herbert P. Richter and Ruth E. Tedrick listed as the inventors (Patent 3,819,925).

In January, 1976 a patent was issued for the Chemiluminescent Signal Device with Vincent J. Esposito, Steven M. Little, and John H. Lyons listed as the inventors (Patent 3,933,118). This patent improved upon Richter's and Tedrick's design by recommending a single glass ampoule that is suspended in a second substance, that when broken and mixed together provide the chemiluminescent light. The design also included a stand for the signal device so that it could be thrown from a moving vehicle and remain standing in an upright position on the road. The idea was that this would replace traditional emergency roadside flares and would be superior since it was not a fire hazard, would be easier and safer to deploy, and would not be made ineffective if struck by passing vehicles. This design with its single glass ampoule inside a plastic tube filled with a second substance that when bent breaks the glass and then is shaken to mix the substances most closely resembles the typical glow stick sold today.

In December, 1977 a patent was issued for a Chemical Light Device with Richard Taylor Van Zandt as the inventor (Patent 4,064,428). This design improved upon the previous designs by adding a steel ball inside the plastic tube that when shaken would break the glass ampoule.

Millions of glow sticks are sold annually. According to Steve Givens 15 million are used by the United States Department of Defense alone every year.[7]

Disassembly of a chemoluminescent glow stick. From left to right:- (1) original, intact lightstick; (2) opened glow stick with peroxide mixture poured into a graduated cylinder and glass ampoule of fluorophore removed; (3) all three under UV illumination showing fluorophore fluorescence and plastic container fluorescence; (4) chemoluminescence of mixed substances in the graduated cylinder; (5) the mixture returned to the original plastic container, showing a slightly different (more orange) color of light emission.

Uses

Glow sticks providing Mir-esque decor at a party.

Practical applications

Glow sticks are used for many purposes. They are waterproof, do not use batteries, are inexpensive, and are disposable. They can tolerate high pressures, such as those found underwater. They are used as light sources and light markers by military forces, campers, and recreational divers doing night diving. Glow sticks are considered the only safe light source immediately following an earthquake, hurricane, tornado and other emergency situations due to the fact that they do not use any kind of electricity to work, and there is no danger of sparking. Because they do not have batteries or contain electrified filaments like normal flashlights, they are safe for use in explosive environments. Special glow stick formulas emitting infrared radiation are used in conjunction with night vision devices.

Entertainment

Glowsticking is the use of glow sticks in dancing. This is one of their most widely known uses in popular culture as they are frequently used for entertainment at parties (particularly raves), concerts and dance clubs. The first person to take a glowstick to a rave was Jimmy Trainer, he owned a shop which sold them for climbing uses and then one day decided to take it along to a party.[citation needed] They are carried...(and so on)