Pistonless rotary engine

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Internal Rotor Motor with Integrated Electronics


A pistonless rotary engine is an internal combustion engine that does not use pistons in the way a reciprocating engine does, but instead uses one or more rotors, sometimes called rotary pistons. An example of a pistonless rotary engine is the Wankel engine.

The term rotary combustion engine has been suggested as an alternative name for these engines to distinguish them from the obsolete aircraft engines also known as rotary engines. However both continue to be called rotary engines and only the context determines which type is meant. In particular, the only commercial producer of (pistonless) automobile rotary engines as of 2005[update], Mazda, consistently refers to its Wankel engines as rotary engines. O.S. Engines, who produce a Wankel model airplane engine, refer to it as a wankel rotary engine.

Contents

1 Pistonless rotary engines

2 Advantages

3 Disadvantages

4 Comparisons

5 External links


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Pistonless rotary engines

The basic concept of a (pistonless) rotary engine avoids the reciprocating motion of the piston with its inherent vibration and rotational-speed-related mechanical stress. As of 2006[update] the Wankel engine is the only successful pistonless rotary engine[citation needed], but many similar concepts have been proposed and are under various stages of development. Examples of rotary engines include:

Production stage

The Wankel engine

Development stage

The Sarich orbital engine

The RKM engine (RotationsKolbenMaschinen)

The Trochilic engine

The Engineair engine

Conceptual stage

The quasiturbine

The Liquidpiston engine

The Gerotor engine

Advantages

All such engines have the potential to improve on the piston engine in the areas of:

Higher power-to-weight ratios.

Mechanical simplicity.

Less vibration.

Sealing system has no revolutions-limit; piston rings fail after the engine's revolutions-limit.

While typically larger than the piston of an engine of corresponding capacity, a rotor may perform many strokes per revolution. The Wankel produces twelve strokes per revolution of the rotor (four strokes per chamber times three chambers) (although the spindle rotates three times faster than the rotor or three times over the twelve strokes), as opposed to two strokes for each crankshaft rotation of a single-cylinder single acting piston engine, or four strokes for a double-acting cylinder such as found in some steam engines. The quasiturbine and MYT engine deliver sixteen strokes for every rotor (and spindle) revolution.

Disadvantages

Although in two dimensions the seal system of a Wankel looks to be even simpler than that of a corresponding multi-cylinder piston engine, in three dimensions the reverse is the case. As well as the rotor apex seals evident in the conceptual diagram, the rotor must also seal against the chamber ends.

Piston rings are not perfect seals. Each has a gap in fact to allow for expansion. Moreover the sealing at the Wankel apexes is less critical, as leakage is between adjacent chambers on adjacent strokes of the cycle, rather than to the crankcase. However, the less effective sealing of the Wankel is one factor reducing its efficiency, and confining its success mainly to applications such as racing engines and sports vehicles where neither efficiency nor long engine life are major considerations. In earlier models, the Wankel engines should never be started and run unless the engine has reached operating temperature; most such instances of jammed engines occur when a car is started and moved a few yards, e.g. from a garage to a driveway. In these situations it is better to push the car and not start the engine. This is due to the engine flooding with fuel, which can lead to hydrolock of the motor. This "flooding" is caused by the excess amount of fuel injected into the engine in its "cold" running circuit. The flooding issue has been largely fixed through changes in the ECU programming and a faster starter motor.

50% longer stroke duration than a piston engine (Wankel engine).

The Quasiturbine has similar disadvantages with its concave combustion chamber, and in the AC design the sharp angles of the carriers hamper the propagation of the flame front, leading to incomplete combustion. The stroke duration is too short for a complete combustion.

Comparisons

The simplest design, either proposed or in use, is the Wankel. Its only moving parts are a three-sided rotor turning on an eccentric shaft; There is neither camshaft nor valves. The rotor is not fixed to the eccentric shaft, but turns it by means of an internal gear on the inside of the rotor engaging a smaller conventional gear on the side plate. The rotor is positively located by the eccentric shaft and by the geometry of the rotor and engine chamber. A Wankel engine fires once for...(and so on)
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